Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a hormone created by the body when skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays in sunlight. It is found naturally in a small number of foods and can also be taken as a fat soluble dietary supplement.

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Probiotics and Prebiotics

Probiotics are living microorganisms that provide a health benefit, and prebiotics are fibers that feed these friendly bacteria, mostly in your gut. These therapies, found in certain foods or as supplements, can manage gastrointestinal symptoms and some body terrain factors common in cancer, and they may lead to better recovery from surgery.

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Non-aspirin Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to reduce inflammation, with notable benefits in increasing survival and reducing risk of several types of cancer; expert consensus is that the risks of harm from using these drugs long-term for prevention are greater than the benefits for many people.

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Metformin

Metformin, used to manage diabetes, shows some benefits in lower risks of cancer and better survival, mostly among people with diabetes or high blood sugar.

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Cimetidine and Other H2 Blockers

H2 blockers, used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers and/or reduce stomach acid, may improve survival among people with cancer, especially after colorectal cancer resection.

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Artesunate and Artemisinin-based Drugs

Prescription drugs derived from the Artemisia annua plant show very limited benefit in improving cancer treatment outcomes.

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Artemisia Annua (Sweet Wormwood) and Artemisinin

The dried leaf or extract of the Artemisia annua plant or its natural derivative artemisinin are available as supplements with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

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