Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a hormone created by the body when skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays in sunlight. It is found naturally in a small number of foods and can also be taken as a fat soluble dietary supplement.

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Non-aspirin Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to reduce inflammation, with notable benefits in increasing survival and reducing risk of several types of cancer; expert consensus is that the risks of harm from using these drugs long-term for prevention are greater than the benefits for many people.

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Metformin

Metformin, used to manage diabetes, shows some benefits in lower risks of cancer and better survival, mostly among people with diabetes or high blood sugar.

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Artesunate and Artemisinin-based Drugs

Prescription drugs derived from the Artemisia annua plant show very limited benefit in improving cancer treatment outcomes.

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Artemisia Annua (Sweet Wormwood) and Artemisinin

The dried leaf or extract of the Artemisia annua plant or its natural derivative artemisinin are available as supplements with anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.

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