Itraconazole is an antifungal medication that has been studied as a medication for prostate cancer and lung cancer in a small number of patients.
Itraconazole at a glance
Itraconazole is a medication commonly prescribed for fungal infections. However, it has several other effects, including inhibiting a signaling pathway that is crucial for cells to multiply and differentiate, the Hedgehog pathway.1Kim J, Tang JY et al. Itraconazole, a commonly used antifungal that inhibits Hedgehog pathway activity and cancer growth. Cancer Cell. 2010 Apr 13;17(4):388-99. For this reason, scientists have studied itraconazole as a possible treatment for cancer. Some studies have explored itraconazole as an alternative to hormone treatment, though with limited success.2Lee M, Hong H et al. Itraconazole as a noncastrating treatment for biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: a phase 2 study. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer. 2019 Feb;17(1):e92-e96. Itraconazole also inhibits an enzyme that helps to metabolize drugs, cytochrome P450 CYP3A4. This means that many medications can stay in the body longer, and in higher concentrations, if someone is also taking itraconazole, so it can change the outcomes of other prescriptions (and caution should be taken with physician consultation).
Where other treatment options will not work (for example, for people with prostate cancer who do not respond to hormone therapy or chemotherapy), itraconazole may help to slow the growth of prostate cancer. However, the data on this use for itraconazole is very limited. Itraconazole has also been studied for its effects in lung cancer treatment, but in even fewer patients. Itraconazole can also have serious interactions with other medications.
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