Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a hormone created by the body when skin is exposed to ultraviolet rays in sunlight. It is found naturally in a small number of foods and can also be taken as a fat soluble dietary supplement.

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Vitamin C: Oral Use

Vitamin C, available in several foods and dietary supplements, shows some anticancer effects, including better survival among people with breast cancer.

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Non-aspirin Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used to reduce inflammation, with notable benefits in increasing survival and reducing risk of several types of cancer; expert consensus is that the risks of harm from using these drugs long-term for prevention are greater than the benefits for many people.

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Metformin

Metformin, used to manage diabetes, shows some benefits in lower risks of cancer and better survival, mostly among people with diabetes or high blood sugar.

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Mediterranean Diet

A Mediterranean diet is high in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and olive oil and low in meat, sweets, and saturated fat. It is linked to lower risks of cancer and relief of some symptoms and imbalances common among people with cancer.

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Low-dose Naltrexone

This prescription drug is used off-label in low doses to treat people with cancer, with notable but very preliminary successes in cases where the cancers were difficult-to-treat or quite advanced.

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Gonzalez Protocol™

The Gonzalez Protocol™ uses freeze-dried pork pancreas, supplements, an individualized diet, and coffee enemas to alter cancer metabolism and inhibit growth.

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Cimetidine and Other H2 Blockers

H2 blockers, used to treat gastrointestinal ulcers and/or reduce stomach acid, may improve survival among people with cancer, especially after colorectal cancer resection.

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Berberine

Berberine, an active ingredient in several plants, shows good effects in managing high blood sugar and excess body weight, plus lower risk of colorectal cancer.

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Aspirin

Aspirin is a widely available over-the-counter medication that shows substantial effects at promoting survival and reducing risk of many types of cancer, plus reducing inflammation and managing pain due to inflammation.

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